THE TRANSFIGURATION ERROR IN ROWLING’S HARRY POTTER AND THE CHAMBER OF SECRET

Translator is always given two options in translating literary works. Either they can pick formal orientation, or pick dynamic orientation. Both orientations have different effect for readers. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret is one best-selling novel written by J.K. Rowling. Her work in the series is known for the play of words. This paper proposes other version of translation by exposing several sentences taken from the novel.


INTRODUCTION
According to Bell, translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language (1997:6). There are difficulties in translating process: loss, gain &untraslatability, equivalence vs. non-equivalence and cultural differences. Bell made the problem of equivalence very plain: translated text can be equivalent in different degrees, based on the context, register and types of translation. To shift from one language to another is to alter the forms. Unfortunately, there is no absolute synonymy between words in the same language. Therefore, it is not surprising if we find a lack of synonymy or 'strange words' in the target language. Nida (1964) mentioned two basic orientations in translating. Nida quoted from Belloc, that there are no such things as identical equivalents. Translator has the options to focus on finding the closest possible equivalence: formal or dynamic -or according to Bell functional. Formal equivalence focuses on the message itself, in both form and content. Seen from this orientation, the message in the target language should match as closely as possible the different elements in the source language. So, in this orientation the message in the target culture is compared constantly with the message in the source culture to determine standards of accuracy and correctness (2002:156). In other word, this orientation is word-for-word translation or literal translation (Bell, 1997:7).
On the other hand, a translation which is dynamic orientation -or functional -is based upon "the principle of equivalent effect". In this orientation, the relationship between target culture and message should be substantially the same as that which existed between the source culture and message (2002:156). Or in other word, it is meaning-for-meaning translation or free translation (Bell, 1997:7) Translators must face those two orientations to choose: pick formal and then criticized for the ugliness of a faithful, or pick dynamic or functional and then being accused for the inaccuracy of a beautiful (Bell, 1997:7).
Larson stated that the best translation is the one which uses the normal language forms of the target language, communicates as much as possible to the target language readers the same meaning that was understood by the speakers of the source language, and maintains the dynamics of the original source language text -or evoke the same response as the source text attempted to evoke (1984:5).
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret is considered as a prose. There are six general rules for the translator of prose texts (Belloc in Bassnett, 1991:116-117): 1. The translator should consider the work as an integral unit and translate in sections. The content and form must be treated as a unity. 2. The translator should render idiom by idiom. What is emphasized is the meaning of the idiom, not just the form of the idiom.
3. The translator must render intention by intention. The translator must not be concerned with the structure of the sentences only. 4. The translator must be careful with the sentences which seem to correspond in both SL and TL but actually they do not. 5. Translating a prose text means telling the exact SL in the TL (adaptation or faithful translation). 6. The translation should not embellish or add details.
Machali mentioned some aspects in translation assessment: there is no shifting in communicating the message in the source language, equivalence (linguistically, semantically and pragmatically) and transferring accurately in the target language (2000:115). The criteria required are whether the translation is flowing or not, the terminologies are transferred correctly or not and the equivalences are appropriate or not.

ABOUT THE NOVEL
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret is one series of Harry Potter's adventure in Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry by J.K. Rowling. This story is chosen because Rowling can create "a new world" in teenagers and adults with her "Magic" around the world. Introducing a world of impossibilities and imaginations, she creates the magic fever in teenagers around the world. Rowling, according to her publisher, has won the Hugo Award, the Bram Stoker Award, the Whitbread Award for Best Children's Book, and a special certificate for being a three-year winner of the Smarties Prize. Her book Harry  The result of the translation assessment is 1.3. From the translation, I see that the translator tends to use formal orientation, since she had no right in adapting the whole story into something 'Indonesian'. On the other hand, the translation did not give the same effect to the reader. It is tenser to read the English version than the Indonesian version. The reasons were because some words are not precisely translated and the sentence structures are not well-arranged. Only some of them related to cultural problems.

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
From the analysis below we will see the parts which are not precisely translated and the structure are not well-arranged. The examples are shown in a format of Source Text (ST) and its Target Text (TT "Untukketigakalinyamingguini!" raungnya. "Kalau kau tidakbisamengontrolburunghantuitu, diaharuspergi!" From example 2, the translator should find the right expression of third time this week and it'll have to go. Third time this week can be expanded into It has been three times this week your owl …. Therefore, the right translation should be Sudah tiga kali dalam minggu ini! Then it'll have to go should not be simply translated into dia harus pergi since it here means the owl which is animal and go here must be get out here with force. Also, animal can not go by itself, can it? Especially in this case, Vernon was angry because of the owl). Then the proper translation should be burung hantu itu akan kubuang. From example 5, the translator chose inappropriate words in the TT. Broomstick there must be translated into sapu terbang since the story is about witches and wizards world which is associated with flying brooms. The expression lost his placemight be has different interpretation in the TT, in this case Indonesian. Lost his place is better translated into didepak dari or kehilangan posisinya sebagai seeker considering that the reader has known Harry's position on the House Quidditch team. Or if they have not, the description of Quidditch must be told in other part of the novel (Rowling tends to explain about Quidditch in the chapter when the game is begun). Later, the word padlocked is mistranslated into menggembok. Even in Indonesian the word meaning is gembok, the word should not be translated literally since menggembok in Indonesian should be followed by something inanimate, like door or gate. It is better to translate it into mengurung since it is followed by animate object. The word had written in example 8 should be translated into mengirim surat since the effect is more rousing using the word mengirim instead of menulis. The Masons in example 9 should not be translated into suami-istri Mason since in the source language the followed by plural family names refer to the family member of the name mentioned. Therefore, The Masons should be translated into Keluarga Mason, since -if I'm not mistaken -the Masons also took their boy with them. In it's going to stay that way the translator translated it literally instead of tidak boleh tahu. Later the word you take was also translated literally into kaubawa. Since a person can not be 'brought' it is better to translate it into kauajak or ajaklah. In example 10, the translator misinterpret the concept of not that his whole year at Hogwarts had been fun. If we see the meaning of the sentence is like this expanded one: Last year Harry was in the first grade. He spent his first year in Hogwarts with fun and danger. So the meaning of his whole year refers to his first year in Hogwarts not sepanjang waktu (all the time as if he had been in Hogwarts for several years). Therefore, the translation should be Bukan berarti dia senang terus selama tahun pertamanya di Hogwarts. Then the phrase drenched in cold sweat. Seeing from the meaning, drenched should be translated in passive. Therefore the translation should be bermandikan keringat dingin since in Indonesian mandi is an active verb and it is impossible that someone, intentionally, mandi keringat dingin.

CONCLUSION
From the analysis above, we can conclude that the Indonesian translation of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret is quite good to read. Unfortunately, there are still some inappropriate words in the target language which can change the effect and the tenseness of the story. The sentence structures also need to be rearranged. This was because the translator faces the option to be faithful but ugly or to be beautiful but inaccurate. This can be solved by trying to find as close as possible the appropriate equivalence and not only being formaloriented in the translation process.